MIT SENSEable City Lab

This great project aims “to reveal the rhythm of the city as it occurs, in real time.” I first got to know them at a congress about tracking technologies organized by the TU Delft when I was PhD student. Then they presented their Real Time Rome project, a project they developed for the 2006 Venice Biennale. Here, they used information provided by mobile and public transport company to map the use of urban space in Rome in real time. They produced videos of fluxes of people in the city with different events, for example Madonna’s concert and the final of the world-cup that Italy won. The images underneath are from those events but in their website you can see the videos and understand how they really get a grid of the movement of crowds through the city and how different areas are more densely used at different times. For example, after the worldcup, people using mobiles is concentrated in the bars and clubs areas of Rome.

In the website of the SENSEable City Lab you can see the large amount of great projects they are developing after this pioneer 2006 project. Check for example the Live Singapore that “presents five different perspectives into Singapore’s urban dynamics using graphic visualisations of selected digital data generated by people in Singapore and their actions.”

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map of LinkedIn connections

Here we find a map of one’s personal network. In this case my LikedIn connections. While the map of  facebook’s connections shows how the world is connected, this one shows my own network where I can identify clouds related to common locations, institutions or themes.

This type of mapping tries to create an image and therefore an understanding to the multiple relations and connections that internet allows and facilitates. As the linkedin connecitons, many projects and scholars are busy trying to create maps of the net, maps of virtual communities, and maps of virtual conversations. The internet is a new space that calls for maps that explain the navigation. For example, in the case of virtual conversations, users feel the need to observe a map in order to understand their position within the community and the conversation.

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Mapping as design

Mapping is design!
James Corner argues in his article ‘The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention’ (1999) that ‘mapping’ is “the most formative and creative act of any design process” and that “the various cartographic procedures of selection, schematization and synthesis make the map already a project in the making”. He talks about two essential characteristics
of mapping: first, there is always an analogy to reality. This is what another mapping theorethician, John Pickles (2004) in ‘A history of spaces : cartographic reason, mapping, and the geo-coded world’ calls lines of equivalence between the map and reality. Second, mapping is by definition abstract; it is abstract by being indexical because the information
included in a map has been selected and isolated. In this regard, Pickles recalls the idea of the ‘finger’ in the theory of the Swedish geographer Olsson. The finger is indexical because it points to something to draw attention to it. “It
delimits from a field a point, a place, an object for our attention. It stabilizes a particular meaning within a world of possible meanings”. This abstract essence is what makes a map useful. A map attempting to put together too much information loses readability.
The multiplicity in the map is not given by the number of variables mapped, but by the relations and links that it uncovers.
The distance between the map and the reality to which it is analogous allows finding relations that become visible only through that process. The process of reduction is also a process of making evident aspects or relations that were not spatially observed before.

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Worldmapper

The topographical map possesses specific characteristics and a clear analogy to reality. Generally, in geographical atlases, when numerical information is added to the map it is done through the use of a legend. In a legend, colors or symbols give specific attributes to areas of the map. In the worldmapper the countries in the map are re-sized according to specific data from a large set of different categories.  The generated maps give us different images of the world and the position of different countries in relation to others and in relation to the whole. Here I include two examples (water resources and nuclear weapons) but the possibilities are immense.

Map from worldmapper of waterresources

Map from worldmapper of nuclear weapons

© Copyright images SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)

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Minard’s ‘cartes figuratives’

This entry is dedicated to the work of Charles Joseph Minard (1781-1870). Even though Minard only became cartographer a a later stage in his career, the work he produced is an obligated reference to anyone dealing with mapping, specially referring to maps that combine information and data to communicate a message.


His map of Napoleon’s 1812 campaign into Russia or as the original title, “Carte figurative des pertes successives en hommes de l’Armee Française dans la campagne de Russie 1812-1813″ is a masterwork that by combining data and topographic information clearly communicates all what went on through that campaign. As Minard clearly states:

“The dominant principle which characterizes my graphic tables and my figurative maps is to make immediately appreciable to the eye, as much as possible, the proportions of numeric results.”

from C.J. Minard, Des tableaux graphiques et des cartes figuratives (Paris, 1862), translated by Dawn Finley, August 2003.

The map shows additional to the location of the army and their journey through the territory towards and back from Russia, the extreme low temperature, the  army’s size, the losses of men and retreating soldiers.

The description of the map’s intention by Minard:

” The great growth of statistical research in our times has made felt the need to record the results in forms less dry, more useful, and able to be explored more rapidly than numbers alone; thus, diverse representations have been imagined, among others my graphic tables and my figurative maps. In giving to statistics a figurative direction, I have followed the general impetus of the spirit of graphic representations.”

I wanted to use this image cause it was the first map from Minard that I saw and it inspired while I was doing my PhD on mapping. In the meanwhile I have come across the extensive work of Minard and have come to realize how he was ahead of his time by using mapping to reveal new relations.

More information of Minard can found here: http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/minbib.html

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Map of scientific collaboration between researchers

Inspired by the map of Facebook connections made by Facebook intern, Paul Butler,  Olivier H. Beauchesne made a similar map of scientific collaboration between researchers. Unlike in the Facebook connections where the whole urban world (except China) is highlighted, the scientific collaborations occur mainly across the North hemisphere. One part of the world (the north) is joining scientific exchange, peer reviewing and scientific events while the other one is very much excluded of this large international network.

check the blog of his maker here and download the image on hi-res. A very high resolution image can be downloaded here: http://collabo.olihb.com/

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map of facebook connections

A difficulty about a blog on mapping is that the immense amount of material to write about. In the previous post we started with a definition. Now let’s check a recent map of a very actual subject. The map of facebook connections worldwide.

This map, developed by a facebook intern based on facebook friend’s connections, shows us an urban world interconnected. The areas with more light intensity are the most populated urban areas. The exception is China, where accessibility to facebook is limited. As in any map, we see here information and new relations that emerge by the act of mapping.

In the blog from his creator Paul Butler you can download higher resolution images as well as reading his experience by making the map and his observations from the result. Link to the blog here

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mapping definition

First of all we should start by defining mapping and maps.

Here is our favorite definition:

The project “The history of cartography” (Harley and Woodward 1987) defines maps as:

“graphic representations that facilitate a spatial understanding of things, concepts, conditions, processes or events in the human world”.

This definition is broad and open while it remains specific by emphasizing the idea of Spatial Understanding

Check The History of Cartography Project at http://www.geography.wisc.edu/histcart/

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Hello world!

Dear all

This blog will tour us around the variety of attempts to map the complexity of the city, please stay tuned!

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